All fall under the genre of fraud, a form of malice, unique to human beings and therefore more displeasing to God. While all versions of fraud involve the malicious use of reason, circles 8 and 9 are distinguished from one another according to the offender's relationship to his or her victim: those who victimize someone with whom they share a special bond of trust are punished in the lowest circle, if no bond, the guilty soul suffers in one of the ten concentric ditches that constitute circle 8.
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